A Review of Polymers and Plastic High Index Optical Materials
Journal of Materials Science Research and Reviews,
Page 1-14
Abstract
The industry of plastics has grown rapidly since its inception in the 1940s, the use of plastics as an optical material only really started to pick up in the 1970s and has had a much slower underlying growth than for the commodity industry e.g. packaging, closures, etc. After that, in this industry the advantage of material consistency and uniformity, full three dimensional machining capability and mass production are exploited to the full.
However, plastics in general are weaker and more costly than traditional materials and people still retain a ‘bad image’ of them because of their previous misuse. In the past, and to a certain extent today, plastic engineering components have been designed to directly replace components in traditional engineering materials, leading to poor performance and costly reproduction. For effective material substitution, the designer using plastics has to appreciate their benefits as well as their limitations. Today, designs are being produced that are not only unique to plastics but are also out-performing designs in traditional materials.
In a comparable way, prejudices prevent consumers trusting plastic lenses. Although they realize benefits such as thinner and lighter design, they worry about clarity and transparency, and the most common question is if plastic lenses harm their eyes or obstruct their vision.
Furthermore, in recent years the industry has confused consumers rather than informing them. Optical properties, like refractive index and Abbe value are not clearly defined by manufacturers (i.e. a given “n” is nd or ne?). Many people ask themselves why high index plastic lenses must be always multicoated? Another similar question is why high index plastic lenses mainly are designed as aspheric? Is chromatic dispersion more or less affected by the refractive index? What is the relation between Abbe value and chromatic performance of these materials?
Consequently, this review has to investigate mainly the above questions in order to search and estimate the performance of new plastic high index materials and to compare with traditional lens materials.
Keywords:
- Plastics
- high index
- optical materials
- spectacle lenses
- safety
How to Cite
Chandrinos, A. (2021). A Review of Polymers and Plastic High Index Optical Materials. Journal of Materials Science Research and Reviews, 7(4), 1-14. Retrieved from https://journaljmsrr.com/index.php/JMSRR/article/view/30184
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Chandrinos A. High refractive index plastic optical materials. Publisher: VDM Verlag Dr. Müller; 2009. ISBN: 978-3639123074.
Jamal Seyyed Monfared Zanjani, Ismet Baran, Remko Akkerman. Characterization of interdiffusion mechanisms during co-bonding of unsaturated polyester resin to thermoplastics with different thermodynamic affinities, Polymer. 2020; 209. ISSN: 0032-3861. Available:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122991
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Pugliese Raffaele, Moretti Luca, Maiuri Margherita, Romanazzi Tiziana, Cerullo Giulio, Gelain Fabrizio. Superior mechanical and optical properties of a heterogeneous library of cross-linked biomimetic self-assembling peptides, Materials and Design. 2020;194. ISSN: 0264-1275. Available:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2020.108901
Smita Mukherjee, Smarak Rath, Manjima Bhattacharya, Anoop K. Mukhopadhyay, Multilayer ceramic-polymer microcomposite with improved optical tunability and nanomechanical integrity, Ceramics International. 2020; 46(10):15438-15446. ISSN: 0272-8842. Available:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.03.088
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Jeon Je Seong, Lee Jai Joon, Kim Woong, Chang Tae Sun, Koo Sang Man. Hard coating films based on organosilane-modified boehmite nanoparticles under UV/thermal dual curing, Thin Solid Films. 2008;516(12):3904-3909. ISSN: 0040-6090. Available:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2007.07.165
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Shin Sanghun, Kang Beomchan, So Hongyun. Dual-surface lens with ring-shaped structures for optical tuning of GaN ultraviolet photodetectors at low temperature, Sensors and Actuators A: Physical. 2020;303. ISSN: 0924-4247. Available:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2019.111783
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Makino K, Matsumoto A, Kabeya H. Organic glass for optical parts. US Pat. No. 4,598,133; 1986.
Sakagami T, Fujii Y, Murayama N. Lens material of high refractive indices. US Pat. No. 4,644,025; 1987.
Fujio Y, Matsukuma K, Nishimoto T. Organic glass for ophthalmic parts. US Pat. 4,879,363; 1989.
Suzuki M, Sasaki A, Kawai H, Kanega F. Resin for plastic lens US Pat 5,449,731; 1995.
Pei-Jen Wang. 8 - injection molding of optical products, editor(s): Shia-Chung Chen, Lih-Sheng Turng, Advanced Injection Molding Technologies, Hanser. 2019;317-348. ISBN: 9781569906033. Available:https://doi.org/10.3139/9781569906040.008
Imura S, Nagoh H, Kuramoto K. Polymerizable composition and organic glass, US Pat. No. 5,556,931; 1996.
Suzuki M, Sasaki A, Kawai H, Kanega F. Resin for plastic lens US Pat 5,559,200; 1996.
Navid Zobeiry, Austin Lee, Christophe Mobuchon. Fabrication of transparent advanced composites, Composites Science and Technology. 2020;197. ISSN: 0266-3538. Available:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2020.108281
Biron Michel. Chapter 4 - detailed accounts of thermoplastic resins, editor(s): Michel Biron, In Plastics Design Library, Thermoplastics and Thermoplastic Composites (Third Edition), William Andrew Publishing. 2018;203-766. ISBN: 9780081025017.
Evans RE, Balch T, Beeloo EA, Yamasaki NLS. Ophthalmic lenses utilizing polyethylene Terephthalate polarizing films, U.S. Pat. No. 6,220,703; 2001.
Tuba Ozdemir, Adnan Saglam, Firdevs Banu Ozdemir, Ali Ünsal Keskiner. The evaluation of spectral transmittance of optical eye-lenses. Optik. 2016;127(4): 2062-2068. ISSN : 0030-4026. Available:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2015.11.034
Gunasegaram DR, Bidhendi IM, McCaffrey NJ. Modelling the casting process of plastic ophthalmic lenses, International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture. 2000;40(5)623-639. ISSN 0890-6955. Available:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0890-6955(99)00097-8
Arun K Varshneya, John C Mauro. Chapter 19 - Optical properties,Editor(s): Arun K. Varshneya, John C. Mauro, Fundamentals of Inorganic Glasses (Third Edition), Elsevier. 2019;537-594. ISBN: 9780128162255. Available:https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-816225-5.00019-5
Vinny R Sastri. Chapter 7 - engineering thermoplastics: Acrylics, polycarbonates, polyurethanes, polyacetals, polyesters, and polyamides, Editor(s): Vinny R Sastri, In Plastics Design Library, Plastics in Medical Devices, William Andrew Publishing. 2010;121-173. ISBN: 9780815520276.
Gilbert PUPA. Chapter 3 - Lenses, Editor(s): Gilbert PUPA, Physics in the Arts (Third Edition), Academic Press. 2021;43-68. ISBN: 9780128243473. Available:https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-824347-3.00003-0
Boyd W Robert. Chapter 4 - The intensity-dependent refractive index, Editor(s): Robert W. Boyd, Nonlinear Optics (Fourth Edition), Academic Press. 2020;203-248. ISBN 9780128110027. Available:https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-811002-7.00013-8
Kehoe J-R Vincent. Chapter 3 - mediums and color relationships, Editor(s): Vincent JR Kehoe, The Technique of the Professional Make-Up Artist, Focal Press. 1995;10-21. ISBN: 9780240802176. Available:https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-240-80217-6.50007-6
Kasarova Stefka Nikolova, Sultanova Nina Georgieva, Ivanov Christo Dimitrov, Dechev Nikolov Ivan. Analysis of the dispersion of optical plastic materials, Optical Materials. 2007;29(11):1481-1490. ISSN: 0925-3467. Available:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2006. 07.010
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