Geo-Mechanical Enhancement of a Grained Soil Blended with Silicate-Portland Cement Powder for Usage in Construction Industry
Journal of Materials Science Research and Reviews,
Page 17-28
Abstract
The mechanical, as well as geopolymer strength of a lateritic soil from three (3) different localities on the Lokoja- Abuja highway where road failure happen, was blended with rice husk ash (RSA), cement, and sodium silicate activator (SSA), with varying proportions examined via triaxial shear, Atterberg, and Compaction scrutinizes. The outcome displays that cement enhancement enriched the lateritic soil from Liquid limit values of 41.26 at 0% to 44.37 at 8%, but lessens at 10% to 35.68, whereas RHA (Rice husk ash) rises at increased percentages. Likewise, MDD enhanced with increased quantities of all the enhancers i.e SSA, cement as well as RHA contents, but OMC for both cement and RHA lessen from 18.66% at 0% to 11.72 and 18.06 correspondently. Further scrutiny reveals cohesion of the soil at 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% as well as 10% to be 19.01, 39.02, 49.01, 55.03, 58.01, and 65.02 KN/m2 respectively, with peak angle of 650and minimum of 370. This indicates that the cohesion of the enhanced samplings was satisfied since the improved angle of internal friction is beyond the angle that makes the soil very plastic which is 280.
Keywords:
- Geopolymer
- road engineering
- sodium silicate
- rice waste
- shear
How to Cite
Amu, O. O., Ehizemhen, I. C., Oluyemi-Ayibiowu, B. D., & Agashua, L. O. (2022). Geo-Mechanical Enhancement of a Grained Soil Blended with Silicate-Portland Cement Powder for Usage in Construction Industry. Journal of Materials Science Research and Reviews, 9(3), 17-28. Retrieved from https://journaljmsrr.com/index.php/JMSRR/article/view/30239
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Adeyanju Emmanuel, Okeke Chukwueloka Austin, Akinwumi Isaac and Busari Ayobami (2020). Subgrade stabilization using Rice Husk Ash-Geopolymer (GPHA) and Cement Klin Dust (CKD).
Farhangi V, Karakouzian M, Geertsema M. Effect of micropiles on clean sand liquefaction risk based on CPT and SPT. Appl Sci. 2020;10(9):3111.
Saberian M, et al. Application of demolition wastes mixed with crushed glass and crumb rubber in pavement base/subbase. Resour Conserv Recycl. 2020;156:104722.
Rezazadeh Eidgahee D, Rafiean AH, Haddad A. A novel formulation for the compressive strength of IBP-based geopolymer stabilized clayey soils using ANN and GMDH-NN approaches. Iranian J Sci Technol, Trans Civil Eng. 2020;44(1):219–29. MolaAbasi H, et al. Evaluation of the long-term performance of stabilized sandy soil using binary mixtures: A micro-and macro-level approach. J Cleaner Prod. 2020;122209.
Abdullah HH, Shahin MA, Walske ML, Karrech A. Systematic approach to assessing the applicability of fly-ash-based geopolymer for clay stabilization. Can. Geotech. J. 2020;57:1356–1368. [CrossRef]
Khasib IA, Daud NNN. Physical and Mechanical Study of Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) based Geopolymer as a Stabilizer for Soft Soil. Pertanika J. Sci. Technol. 2020;28:149–160. [CrossRef]
Ghadakpour M, Choobbasti AJ, Kutanaei SS. Experimental study of impact of cement treatment on the shear behavior of loess and clay. Arabian J Geosci. 2020;13(4):184.
Abdulkareem M, et al. Environmental and economic perspective of waste-derived activators on alkali-activated mortars. J Cleaner Prod. 2020;280:124651.
Vitale E, Russo G, Deneele D. Use of Alkali-Activated Fly Ashes for Soil Treatment. In Geotechnical Research for Land Protection and Development; Calvetti, F., Cotecchia, F., Galli, A., Jommi, C., Eds.; Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering; Springer Inter-national Publishing: Cham, Switzerland, 2020;40:723–733. ISBN 978-3-030-21358-9.
Abdullah HH, Shahin MA, Walske ML. Geo-mechanical behavior of clay soils stabilized at ambient temperature with fly-ash geopolymer-incorporated granulated slag. Soils Found. 2019;59:1906–1920. [CrossRef]
Sharma PK, Singh JP, Kumar A. Effect of Particle Size on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Fly Ash Based Geopolymers. Trans. Indian Inst. Met. 2019;72:1323–1337. [CrossRef]
Tan T, Huat BBK, Anggraini V, Shukla SK, Nahazanan H. Strength Behavior of Fly Ash-Stabilized Soil Reinforced with Coir Fibers in Alkaline Environment. J. Nat. Fibers. 2019;1–14. [CrossRef]
Dheyab W, Ismael ZT, Hussein MA, Huat BBK. Soil Stabilization with geopolymers for low cost and environmentally friendly construction. Int. J. Geomate 2019;17:271–280. [CrossRef]
Teing TT. Effects of Alkali-Activated Waste Binder in Soil Stabilization. Int. J. Geomate 2019;17:82–89. [CrossRef]
Yaghoubi M, Arulrajah A, Disfani MM, Horpibulsuk S, Darmawan S, Wang J. Impact of field conditions on the strength development of a geopolymer stabilized marine clay. Appl Clay Sci 2019;167:33–42.
Jahandari S, Saberian M, Zivari F, Li J, Ghasemi M, Vali R. Experimental study of the effects of curing time on geotechnical properties of stabilized clay with lime and geogrid. Int J Geotech Eng. 2019;13(2):172–83.
N. Wen, Y. Zhao, Z. Yu, M. Liu, A sludge and modified rice husk ash-based geopolymer: synthesis and characterization analysis, J. Clean. Prod. 2019;226:805–814.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.04.045.
Amiri E, Emami H. Shear strength of an unsaturated loam soil as affected by vetiver and polyacrylamide. Soil Tillage Res. 2019;194:104331.
Chang Ilhan, Cho Gye-Chun. Shear strength behavior and parameters of microbial gellan gum-treated soils: from sand to clay. Acta Geotech. 2019;14(2):361–75.
Elandaloussi R, et al. Effectiveness of lime treatment of coarse soils against internal erosion. Geotech Geol Eng. 2019;37(1):139-154.
Pradhan Subhasis, Tiwari BR, Kumar Shailendra, Barai Sudhirkumar V. Comparative LCA of recycled and natural aggregate concrete using Particle Packing Method and conventional method of design mix. J Cleaner Prod. 2019;228:679– 91.
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E. Adeyanju, C. Okeke. Exposure effect to cement dust pollution : A mini review , SN Appl. Sci. 2019b;1:1–17.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-019-1583-0.
AA Alshaba, TM Abdelaziz, AM Ragheb. Treatment of collapsible soils by mixing with ironpowder. 2018;3737–3745.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2018.07.019.
N Wen, Y Zhao, Z Yu, M Liu, A sludge and modified rice husk ash-based geopolymer: Synthesis and characterization analysis, J. Clean. Prod. 2019;226:805–814.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.04.045.
N Wen, Y Zhao, Z Yu, M Liu, A sludge and modified rice husk ash-based geopolymer: Synthesis and characterization analysis, J. Clean. Prod. 2019;226:805–814.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.04.045.
Mohsenia M, Kazemi M, Koushkbaghi M, Zehta B, Behforouze B. Evaluation of mechanical and durability properties of fiber-reinforced lightweight geopolymer composites based on rice husk ash and nano-alumina. Construction and Building Materials. 2019;209:532-540.
Gutiérrez Erick, Riquelme Adrián, Cano Miguel, Tomás Roberto, Pastor José Luis. "Evaluation of the Improvement Effect of Limestone Powder Waste in the Stabilization of Swelling Clayey Soil". Sustainability. 2019;11(3): 679.
DOI:10.3390/su11030679.
Agashua Lucia O and Ogbiye Adebanji S. Influence of Cement, Bitumen and Lime on Some Lateritic Soil Samples as Pavement Material. IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2018;413 (2018) :012012.
DOI:10.1088/1757-899X/413/1/012012.
Agashua Lucia O, Igibah Ehizemhen C and Sadiq, Abubakar. The Impact of Bituminous additive on Lateritic Soil with Varying Percentage for long lasting soil stabilizer; 2018.
A Alhmed, N Nagy EN. Naggar T. Kamei, Stabilisation of soft soil with recycled plaster admixtures., in: Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. - Gr. Improv. 2018;1–9.
Available:https://doi.org/doi.org/10.1680/jgrim.16.00038.
Xu Zifang, Ye Dongdong, Dai Tao & Dai Yan (2021) Research on Preparation of Coal Waste-Based Geopolymer and Its Stabilization/Solidification of Heavy Metals, Integrated Ferroelectrics. 217:1:214-224.
DOI: 10.1080/10584587.2021.1911314
Abdullah H. Cyclic behaviour of clay stabilised with fly-ash based geopolymer incorporating ground granulated slag. Transp Geotech. 2021;26:100430.
Suksiripattanapong C. Evaluation of polyvinyl alcohol and high calcium fly ash based geopolymer for the improvement of soft Bangkok clay. Transp Geotech. 2021;27:100476.
Wattez T. Interactions between alkali-activated ground granulated blastfurnace slag and organic matter in soil stabilization/solidification. Transp Geotech. 2021;26:100412.
Venkatesh N, Mallikarjuna R, Sudheer R, Rama C. Strength and durability characteristics of GGBS geopolymer stabilized black cotton soil 2021 Materials Today: Proceedings 43(4),
DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2021.01.939.
Upshaw M and Cai C. S. Feasibility study of MK-based geopolymer binder for RAC applications: Effects of silica fume and added CaO on compressive strength of mortar samples. Case Studies in Construction Materials. 2021;14:e00500
Adeyanju Emmanuel, Okeke Chukwueloka Austin, Akinwumi Isaac and Busari Ayobami (2020). Subgrade stabilization using Rice Husk Ash-Geopolymer (GPHA) and Cement Klin Dust (CKD).
Wang S, Xue Q, Zhu Y, Li G, Wu Z, Zhao K. Experimental study on material ratio and strength performance of geopolymer improved soil. Constr. Build. Mater. 2020; 267:120469. [CrossRef]
Zhu Y, Chen R, Lai H. Stabilizing Soft Ground Using Geopolymer: An Experimental Study. In Proceedings of the CICTP;2020.
Abdullah HH, Shahin MA, Walske ML. Review of Fly-Ash-Based Geopolymers for Soil Stabilisation with Special Reference to Clay. Geosciences 2020;10;249. [CrossRef]
Rivera JF, Orobio A, Mejía De Gutiérrez R, Cristelo N. Clayey soil stabilization using alkali-activated cementitious materials. Mater. Construcción 2020;70:211. [CrossRef]
Zhu Y, Chen R, Lai H. Stabilizing Soft Ground Using Geopolymer: An Experimental Study. In Proceedings of the CICTP 2020,Xi’an, China, 14–16 August 2020; American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE): Reston, VA, USA; pp. 1144– 1155.
Dheyab W, Ismael ZT, Hussein MA, Huat BBK. Soil Stabilization with geopolymers for low cost and environmentallyfriendly construction. Int. J. Geomate. 2019;17:271–280. [CrossRef]
E. Adeyanju, C. Okeke.)Exposure effect to cement dust pollution: A mini review, SN Appl. Sci. 2019;1:1–17.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-019-1583-0.
N Wen, Y Zhao, Z Yu, M Liu. A sludge and modified rice husk ash-based geopolymer: synthesis and characterization analysis, J. Clean. Prod. 2019;226:805–814.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.04.045.
AA Alshaba, TM Abdelaziz, AM Ragheb. Treatment of collapsible soils by mixing with ironpowder. 2018;3737–3745.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2018.07.019.
MA Rahgozar, M Saberian, J Li. Soil stabilization with non-conventional eco-friendly agricultural waste materials: An experimental study, Transp. Geotech. 2018;14:52–60.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trgeo.2017.09.004.
N Yoobanpot, P Jamsawang, K Krairan, P Jongpradist, S Horpibulsuk. Reuse of dredged sediments as pavement materials by cement kiln dust and lime treatment, Geomech. Eng. 2018;15:1005–1016.
Available:https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2018.15.4.1005.
Roychand R. Development of zero cement composite for the protection of concrete sewage pipes from corrosion and fatbergs. Resour Conserv Recycl. 2021;164:105166.
Igibah C, Agashua L and Sadiq A. Influence of hydrated lime and bitumen on different lateritic soil samples: Case study of Sheda-Abuja, Nigeria. IJET. 2020;1-7.
Rivera J. Fly ash-based geopolymer as A4 type soil stabiliser. Transp Geotech 2020;25:100409.
Seyhan F, Sedef D, Gülgün Y and Jamal M. Characteristics of Engineered Waste Materials Used for Road Subbase Layers. KSCE;2020.
Adeyanju Emmanuel, Okeke Chukwueloka Austin, Akinwumi Isaac and Busari Ayobami (2020). Subgrade stabilization using Rice Husk Ash-Geopolymer (GPHA) and Cement Klin Dust (CKD).
Farhangi V, Karakouzian M, Geertsema M. Effect of micropiles on clean sand liquefaction risk based on CPT and SPT. Appl Sci. 2020;10(9):3111.
Saberian M, et al. Application of demolition wastes mixed with crushed glass and crumb rubber in pavement base/subbase. Resour Conserv Recycl. 2020;156:104722.
Rezazadeh Eidgahee D, Rafiean AH, Haddad A. A novel formulation for the compressive strength of IBP-based geopolymer stabilized clayey soils using ANN and GMDH-NN approaches. Iranian J Sci Technol, Trans Civil Eng. 2020;44(1):219–29. MolaAbasi H, et al. Evaluation of the long-term performance of stabilized sandy soil using binary mixtures: A micro-and macro-level approach. J Cleaner Prod. 2020;122209.
Abdullah HH, Shahin MA, Walske ML, Karrech A. Systematic approach to assessing the applicability of fly-ash-based geopolymer for clay stabilization. Can. Geotech. J. 2020;57:1356–1368. [CrossRef]
Khasib IA, Daud NNN. Physical and Mechanical Study of Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) based Geopolymer as a Stabilizer for Soft Soil. Pertanika J. Sci. Technol. 2020;28:149–160. [CrossRef]
Ghadakpour M, Choobbasti AJ, Kutanaei SS. Experimental study of impact of cement treatment on the shear behavior of loess and clay. Arabian J Geosci. 2020;13(4):184.
Abdulkareem M, et al. Environmental and economic perspective of waste-derived activators on alkali-activated mortars. J Cleaner Prod. 2020;280:124651.
Vitale E, Russo G, Deneele D. Use of Alkali-Activated Fly Ashes for Soil Treatment. In Geotechnical Research for Land Protection and Development; Calvetti, F., Cotecchia, F., Galli, A., Jommi, C., Eds.; Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering; Springer Inter-national Publishing: Cham, Switzerland, 2020;40:723–733. ISBN 978-3-030-21358-9.
Abdullah HH, Shahin MA, Walske ML. Geo-mechanical behavior of clay soils stabilized at ambient temperature with fly-ash geopolymer-incorporated granulated slag. Soils Found. 2019;59:1906–1920. [CrossRef]
Sharma PK, Singh JP, Kumar A. Effect of Particle Size on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Fly Ash Based Geopolymers. Trans. Indian Inst. Met. 2019;72:1323–1337. [CrossRef]
Tan T, Huat BBK, Anggraini V, Shukla SK, Nahazanan H. Strength Behavior of Fly Ash-Stabilized Soil Reinforced with Coir Fibers in Alkaline Environment. J. Nat. Fibers. 2019;1–14. [CrossRef]
Dheyab W, Ismael ZT, Hussein MA, Huat BBK. Soil Stabilization with geopolymers for low cost and environmentally friendly construction. Int. J. Geomate 2019;17:271–280. [CrossRef]
Teing TT. Effects of Alkali-Activated Waste Binder in Soil Stabilization. Int. J. Geomate 2019;17:82–89. [CrossRef]
Yaghoubi M, Arulrajah A, Disfani MM, Horpibulsuk S, Darmawan S, Wang J. Impact of field conditions on the strength development of a geopolymer stabilized marine clay. Appl Clay Sci 2019;167:33–42.
Jahandari S, Saberian M, Zivari F, Li J, Ghasemi M, Vali R. Experimental study of the effects of curing time on geotechnical properties of stabilized clay with lime and geogrid. Int J Geotech Eng. 2019;13(2):172–83.
N. Wen, Y. Zhao, Z. Yu, M. Liu, A sludge and modified rice husk ash-based geopolymer: synthesis and characterization analysis, J. Clean. Prod. 2019;226:805–814.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.04.045.
Amiri E, Emami H. Shear strength of an unsaturated loam soil as affected by vetiver and polyacrylamide. Soil Tillage Res. 2019;194:104331.
Chang Ilhan, Cho Gye-Chun. Shear strength behavior and parameters of microbial gellan gum-treated soils: from sand to clay. Acta Geotech. 2019;14(2):361–75.
Elandaloussi R, et al. Effectiveness of lime treatment of coarse soils against internal erosion. Geotech Geol Eng. 2019;37(1):139-154.
Pradhan Subhasis, Tiwari BR, Kumar Shailendra, Barai Sudhirkumar V. Comparative LCA of recycled and natural aggregate concrete using Particle Packing Method and conventional method of design mix. J Cleaner Prod. 2019;228:679– 91.
D. Kuang et al. Influence of angularity and roughness of coarse aggregates on asphalt mixture performance. Constr Build Mater. 2019;200:681 .
DOI:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.12.176. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]
EA Adeyanju, C.A. Okeke. Clay soil stabilization using cement kiln dust, in: IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng. 2019a;1–10.
E. Adeyanju, C. Okeke. Exposure effect to cement dust pollution : A mini review , SN Appl. Sci. 2019b;1:1–17.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-019-1583-0.
AA Alshaba, TM Abdelaziz, AM Ragheb. Treatment of collapsible soils by mixing with ironpowder. 2018;3737–3745.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2018.07.019.
N Wen, Y Zhao, Z Yu, M Liu, A sludge and modified rice husk ash-based geopolymer: Synthesis and characterization analysis, J. Clean. Prod. 2019;226:805–814.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.04.045.
N Wen, Y Zhao, Z Yu, M Liu, A sludge and modified rice husk ash-based geopolymer: Synthesis and characterization analysis, J. Clean. Prod. 2019;226:805–814.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.04.045.
Mohsenia M, Kazemi M, Koushkbaghi M, Zehta B, Behforouze B. Evaluation of mechanical and durability properties of fiber-reinforced lightweight geopolymer composites based on rice husk ash and nano-alumina. Construction and Building Materials. 2019;209:532-540.
Gutiérrez Erick, Riquelme Adrián, Cano Miguel, Tomás Roberto, Pastor José Luis. "Evaluation of the Improvement Effect of Limestone Powder Waste in the Stabilization of Swelling Clayey Soil". Sustainability. 2019;11(3): 679.
DOI:10.3390/su11030679.
Agashua Lucia O and Ogbiye Adebanji S. Influence of Cement, Bitumen and Lime on Some Lateritic Soil Samples as Pavement Material. IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2018;413 (2018) :012012.
DOI:10.1088/1757-899X/413/1/012012.
Agashua Lucia O, Igibah Ehizemhen C and Sadiq, Abubakar. The Impact of Bituminous additive on Lateritic Soil with Varying Percentage for long lasting soil stabilizer; 2018.
A Alhmed, N Nagy EN. Naggar T. Kamei, Stabilisation of soft soil with recycled plaster admixtures., in: Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. - Gr. Improv. 2018;1–9.
Available:https://doi.org/doi.org/10.1680/jgrim.16.00038.
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